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15 Business Tax Terms

Chapter 11 - A reorganization bankruptcy, usually involving a corporation or partnership. A Chapter 11 debtor usually proposes a plan of reorganization to keep its business alive and pay creditors over time. People in business and individuals can also file for Chapter 11.

Commingling - The mixing of money from different sources so that the sources can't be distinguished; for example, a business owner’s personal funds and business funds.

Depreciation - The gradual loss of value of a building or other property because of age or natural wear. With regard to taxes, this is the deduction you are allowed for the wearing away and expensing over time of such items as office equipment, vehicles, buildings and furniture. The IRS determines the amount of time such material is expected to last, and you depreciate, or spread the cost of, the asset over its estimated useful life rather than deducting the entire cost in the year that you acquired it.

Employer Identification Number - A nine-digit number assigned by the IRS for businesses, estates and trusts.

Estimated tax payments - Quarterly tax payments made to the IRS if the amount you pay through paycheck withholding is not enough to cover your annual tax liability. This method is generally is used by persons who receive income from sources other than paychecks, such as interest or dividend payments, business ownership or income from a second, freelance job.

Expensing - The method allowed under Tax Code Section 179 to claim an immediate deduction for the cost of business property.

Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) - The law under which employers pay tax to fund unemployment compensation programs.